How is cancer screening carried out?

Answer 1

This depends on the type of cancer. Here are two common examples.

Breast Cancer ScreeningThe most widely used Breast cancer screening method is commonly called the mammogram. It uses low-energy X-rays, because of which it's been somewhat controversial in the recent years. The camp opposing mammograms claims that the incidence of breast cancer has increased since they have become common. The camp promoting mammograms claims that it was the detection rate, not incidence, that increased.

The procedure itself is non-invasive but it can be a little uncomfortable. It involves pressing each breast between cold parts of the mammography machine several times so X-ray images of each breast can be created from several different angles.

If no tumors are detected, mammography should be repeated every 12-24 months.

Colon Cancer ScreeningThe most widely used colon cancer screening method is called colonoscopy. Most people who have already received one or more claim that the preparation for the procedure is the hardest part. It involves drinking a fairly unpleasant-tasting solution that causes the complete emptying of the bowels. Less unpleasant ways to achieve the same goal exist, but they may not be available everywhere yet.

The procedure itself is invasive, as an endoscope is inserted into the patient's colon through the anus. However, prior to the procedure, the patients are sedated and most of them sleep through it, without experiencing any discomfort.

If no polyps or cancer cells are found, colon screening should be repeated every five years.