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Modern cotton picking in the United States is done mechanically by farming machines. Most cotton is harvested by a device simply known as a mechanical cotton picker. Similar to a combine in appearance, the machine plucks off the cotton fiber balls and leaves much of the remaining plant intact. Farmers in Texas will often use a stripper to harvest cotton. Again similar to a combine, this machine strips the plant of fiber, leaves, and stems, then compacts and bales the fiber balls. A few other countries such as Spain and Greece also use the stripper method. Both methods require considerable cleaning of the fiber balls before they are usable as a textile. Most other countries that produce cotton still use the manual or hand-pick method of harvesting.

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