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If an orchard is threatened by frost because of a sharp dip in temperature, we can turn on the sprinklers to warm the orchard. Two things are at work here. First, ground water is going to be cold, but not nearly as cold as air at freezing. Water at 45 degrees will release heat energy into the blooms of the fruit, which are sitting in air at just above freezing. It is not uncommon in orchards to be able to lift the temperature a couple of degrees by turning on the pumps and sprinklers. Water collecting on the blooms might still freeze, but as liquid water changes into solid water (ice), it give up energy to do so. This is the heat of fusion (or standard enthalpy of fusion), and the heat released when water changes state from liquid to solid will "go" somewhere, and the blooms will collect it. This helps stave off frost damage.

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Q: How is heat of fusion used to protect against frost damage?
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