Maternal toxoplasmosis is treated with spiramycin during the first and early second trimesters of pregnancy.
Newborns with symptoms of toxoplasmosis are treated with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine for one year.
Maternal treatment with spiramycin for toxoplasmosis infection occurring within the first two weeks of pregnancy prevents transmission to the fetus. The prognosis for congenital toxoplasmosis depends on its severity.
Fetal toxoplasmosis may be treated by giving the mother pyrimethamine and sulfonamides such as sulfadiazine during the later second and third trimesters.
Prenatal tests for toxoplasmosis include a blood test for maternal antibodies; testing of the amniotic fluid and fetal blood; and, fetal ultrasound.
Newborns with symptoms of toxoplasmosis are treated with leucovorin for one year to protect the bone marrow from pyrimethamine toxicity.
Maternal and congenital listeriosis and syphilis are treated with antibiotics.
Newborns with symptoms of toxoplasmosis are treated with corticosteroids for heart, lung, or eye inflammations.
Maternal infections and such illnesses as glandular disorders, rubella, toxoplasmosis, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may cause mental retardation
AIDS patients who have not been infected may be given a drug called TMP/SMX (Bactrim or Septra) to prevent toxoplasmosis infection.
The disease can be fatal to all immunocompromised patients, especially AIDS patients, and particularly if not treated. As a result, immunocompromised patients are typically placed on anti-toxoplasmosis drugs for the rest of their lives.
Most individuals who contract toxoplasmosis do not require treatment because their immune systems are able to control the disease. Symptoms are not usually present. Mild symptoms may be relieved by taking over-the-counter medications
The incidence of toxoplasmosis in newborns is one in 1,000 live births.