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Most oxygen produced for industrial or medical purposes is obtained by the Pressure Swing Adsorption process. PSA. In this a substrate with a particular molecular arrangement; often a zeolite; is pressurized with air. The nitrogen in the air is temporarily adsorbed into the molecular arrangement, and the oxygen is essentially a waste gas. Naturally, other gases in the air are also removed if that that can be easily done at the same time. Such as CO2, Argon and so on.
The zeolite may be recycled by the application of heat. PSA apparatus may be made quite portable, and are used in remote situations, rather than transporting heavy cylinders of oxygen.
There are great riches awaiting the person who finds a zeolite which will preferentially adsorb oxygen rather than nitrogen. Zeolite and similar materials are sometimes called 'molecular sieves'.
In many industrial processes, oxygen is removed from the other material by reacting it with carbon or hydrogen for example. This process is called 'reduction' and is widely used in refining ores.
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