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Pretty much all of them, if your physics is sophisticated enough.
No. Not at all. A person who is good at mathematics has an advantage when studying physics as much of physics is explained (or can be explained) in mathematical terms. It is no guarantee to excelling in physics as there are difficult concepts to grasp, but it is certainly not a disadvantage and so the premise of this question is without foundation.
Physics.
Classical physics was based upon how the things we deal with every day move when we deal with them in everyday situations. As we started to discover new things (protons, electrons, redshift, etc) classical physics failed to completely explain what we observed. Modern physics explained time-and-space related quandries while quantum physics explained wave-and-particle dualities.
Correct!
...friction. This is not best explained chemically, but with Newtonian physics.
Everything that can be seen on surroundings are made and explained by Physics. It is part of the common daily needs like electricity, vehicles, television and computer which play big roles in life.
There are really no phenomena in which physics is not applied - physics can be used to describe almost everything you can think of in the world around yourself. Only intangible things like human thoughts and emotions and religion cannot be explained by science.
Everything that happens around you is explained by Chemistry and Physics. They are the branches of physical science.
Yes. Technically this can be explained due to the laws of physics being invariant under spatial translations.
Roderick K. Clayton has written: 'Light and living matter' -- subject(s): Photobiology 'Molecular physics in photosynthesis' -- subject(s): Molecules, Photosynthesis
No. The known laws assume that matter can't be created nor destroyed.