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Auroras can be classified into:

  • Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights)
  • Aurora Australis (Southern Lights)


Both Auroras are formed by the emissions of photons in the Earth's upper atmosphere from ionized nitrogen atoms regaining an electron, and oxygen and nitrogen atoms returning from an excited state to ground state.


The Earth's magnetic field traps solar wind particles, many of which travel toward the poles where they are accelerated and funnelled towards the earth. The atmospheric atoms are ionized or excited by the collisions with these solar wind particles. The energy is lost by the emission of a photon of light, or by collision with another atom or molecule.

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Q: How is the Aurora borealis related to magnetism?
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