Food is cooked no differently than at any time of year. We just use some different ingredients (only food that is kosher for Passover) and those who are observant will use different sets of pots and pans, dishes, etc.
Due to the prohibition against unleavened bread, raw flour cannot be used during Passover. In order to be used for Passover, dough has to be thoroughly cooked within 18 minutes of the flour being mixed with water. When pasta is made, water is mixed with flour and the formed pasta is left to dry without being cooked and therefore is not allowed. There are kosher for Passover pastas that are made with potato starch/flour.
Some kosher restaurants are open for Passover.
During digestion the enzyme in saliva works on cooked food
Yes. Dog food is probably chametz on Passover and may not be owned by a Jew on Passover. Most dogs will happily eat Matzo and meat/chicken on Passover.
There are two options for Passover, you can cook food for your pets or you can purchase kosher for Passover pet food. Please see the related link for a list of approved pet foods.
There is no tradition of gift giving during Passover.
Yes, artichokes can be eaten during Passover. They are a kosher food and do not contain any leavened grains or legumes which are prohibited during the Passover holiday. However, it is always best to consult with a rabbi or observe personal customs and traditions when determining specific dietary guidelines for Passover.
the Israelites did not leave during passover. When they did leave it was Moses who lead them.
Only if it's certified kosher for Passover.
Fires were lit and food cooked.
Science Diet dog food does not have chumetz (leaven) in it, but it does have kitnyot (legumes). Since the food is created in a factory that is not supervised for Passover, you should buy the food before Passover so even if there is 1/60 chumetz, you are safe.
Jewish law doesn't permit fasting during Passover.