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What is the difference between amine and peptide hormones?
Amine hormones are derived from amino acids, such as epinephrine and dopamine, and are typically water-soluble. Peptide hormones are made up of short amino acid chains and are also water-soluble. Peptide hormones include insulin and growth hormone.
What is the difference between a peptide and a peptone?
The difference between a peptide and peptone is not complicated. A peptone is derived from animal milk and peptides are not.
What is the link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones?
Peptide hormones bind to cell surface receptors, activating signaling pathways that involve the generation of second messengers within the cell. The first messenger (peptide hormone) triggers the activation of specific proteins or enzymes that then generate the second messenger molecules, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or inositol trisphosphate (IP3), initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
How protein and amino acid hormones react with a target cell?
The main difference between the two is that one is hydrophilic and the other is hydrophobic. This means that amino acid (peptide) hormoes cannot travel across the cellular membrane to activate genes; they must bind to receptors on the surface and activate second messenger systems. Steroid hormones, on the other hand, can travel right across membranes and affect genes directly.
What is the difference between protein hormones and steroid hormones and how they communicate with their target cells?
Steroid hormones arelipid-soluble and can dissolve easily into the cell membrane of the target cell to connect with receptors. Protein hormones are water-soluble and connect with receptors at the membrane because it can't diffuse through the membrane.
What is the difference between a cis and trans peptide bond?
A cis peptide bond occurs when the two amino acids in a peptide chain are on the same side of the peptide bond, while a trans peptide bond occurs when the two amino acids are on opposite sides of the peptide bond. This difference in orientation can affect the overall structure and function of the protein.
What is the difference between steroid hormones and amine hormones?
Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and are lipid-soluble, allowing them to easily pass through cell membranes and bind to intracellular receptors, influencing gene expression. In contrast, amine hormones are derived from amino acids and are generally water-soluble, which means they typically bind to receptors on the cell surface, activating signaling pathways without directly altering gene expression. This fundamental difference in structure and solubility influences their mechanisms of action and physiological effects in the body.
What is the difference between direct and tropic hormones in terms of their mode of action on target organs?
Direct hormones act directly on target organs by binding to specific receptors on the cell surface, triggering a response within the cell. Tropic hormones, on the other hand, act indirectly by stimulating the release of other hormones from endocrine glands, which then affect the target organs.
A major difference between neurotransmitters and hormones is that hormones reach their destination via?
blood
What is the difference between adrenal hormones and thyroid hormones?
Adrenal hormones come from you adrenal glands and thyroid hormones come from your thyroids.
What is the difference between how steroid and nonsteroid hormones activate cell responses?
Steroid hormones, being lipid-soluble, easily pass through cell membranes and bind to intracellular receptors, directly influencing gene expression and protein synthesis in the nucleus. In contrast, nonsteroid hormones are typically water-soluble and cannot cross the cell membrane; they bind to receptors on the cell surface, triggering a signaling cascade through secondary messengers (like cAMP) that ultimately leads to a cellular response. This fundamental difference in their mechanism of action results in steroid hormones having a more prolonged effect, while nonsteroid hormones often elicit quicker responses.
Are peptide bonds weak?
hydrophilic "water loving" Hormones 2 groups- -Peptides (short protein)- such as insulin - Catecholamines: hormones epinephrine and noreepinephrine Low lipid solubility, High water solubility Lipophilic "Fat Loving" Hormones 2 Groups - Thyroid hormones - Steroid Hormones --> sex hormones such as testosterone High lipid solubitilty, poorly soluble in water Cholesterol precusor (molecule is not a hormone)
