How is the temperature of a star evidenced?

How many years do scientists believe are left before the Sun runs out of hydrogen in its core and leaves the main sequence? Where do astronauts launch there space shuttles from? How did the suns energy change over time? Can people live on the Kuiper Belt? When you are in moons shadow? What happened to the space shuttle atlantis? What causes a column of air spinning like a roll of toilet paper to turn into a vertical position? Why are low temperatures necessary for dense cores to form and contract into protostars? What are some luminous objects? Trance in a sentence? What spaceship did Neil Armstrong ride in? What is the name of the first rocket on the moon? Is you possible to get a tan from the moon light? Have the Russians landed on the moon? What can shadows tell us? Why shouldn't you go to close to the Andromeda galaxy? What colors are the stars in the Leo constellation? How the information gathered by moon missions could be helpful in the future for people wanting to establish a colony on the moon? Is it normal to see an oposum during the day? What are the most accurate methods for obtaining moon phase predictions?