How is the temperature of a star evidenced?

Answer 1

The temperature of a star is primarily evidenced through its color and spectral characteristics. Hotter stars emit more blue light and appear blue or white, while cooler stars appear red or orange. Scientists also analyze the star's spectrum for specific absorption lines, which indicate the presence of various elements and ions that only exist at certain temperature ranges. Additionally, the Stefan-Boltzmann Law relates a star's temperature to its brightness and size, allowing for further temperature estimation.