Thorium is extracted from minerals as monazite, thorianite, thorite, the mineral is grounded, dissolved in nitric acid, thorium is extracted with tributylphosphate. Also other methods exist.
Pure thorium is obtained from ThO2 by a calciothermic process, from ThI2 by thermal decomposition or from ThF4 by electrolysis.
Thorium can be strip mined and it could be deep mined. It is be produced as a byproduct of the production of rare earth elements, and since the current production as a byproduct far exceeds the demand, it is not usually mined.
United States has thorium reserves of approx. 160 000 t.
Ore is mined
Thorium is typically mined as a byproduct of rare earth element mining, with the largest producers being China, Brazil, India, and the United States. These countries have significant reserves of thorium and extract it during the process of mining for other minerals.
There's no way to "make" real gold. It has to be mined and processed naturally.
Building marterials, Industial processes
A mineral resource that can be mined and processed at a profit is called an ore.
Raw minerals, such as iron ore, must be mined, smelted, and refined before they can be processed into useful everyday materials like steel. This process involves extracting the mineral from the earth, heating it to a high temperature to separate impurities, and then further refining it to achieve the desired properties for specific applications.
Common compounds of thorium: thorium dioxide, thorium trifluoride, thorium tetrafluoride, thorium tetrachloride, thorium triiodide, thorium diiodide, thorium tetraiodide, thorium nitrate, thorium oxalate, thorium carbide, thorium sulfides, thorium nitride, thorium oxinate, etc.
Tee principal raw materials are calcium carbonate and silicon dioxide.
Metals are generally mined in the form of ore. Ore is processed to extract the metal from the ore (known as smelting)
Once mined, all gem-quality diamonds are processed -- cut and polished -- by hand.