Hard starting, loss of power, excess fuel consumption, check engine light, and a blowing sound under heavy acceleration.
No a bad muffler shouldn't, but a clogged catalytic converter will.
Yes.
If fuel injected, yes. Plus it is illegal.
There's no possible way to pass inspection with a bad catalytic converter, if if you find out you have a bad catalytic converter during your inspection you have a chance after you after you have replaced the catalytic converter and the inspection no no charge/free!!
You bet it will. It will also used lots of fuel and have no power.
No, the catalytic converter is downstream from the EGR valve so it has no effect on it.
Transmission torque converter or an exhuast catalytic converter?
A bad coil can damage a converter. If the engine is misfiring, it will cause raw fuel to get into the converter and that can cause failure.
A bad catalytic converter can cause hard starts if it has become clogged. This produces excessive back pressure in the engine.
Yes. If a coil is bad causing one or more cylinders to not fire, this allows raw unburned fuel to enter the catalytic converter, where it is burned. This can ruin a converter.
Yes it is possible.
They can become clogged or they can burn out.