It takes 225 MILLION Earth years for the sun to orbit the center of the Milky Way once.
If you could travel at the speed of light, then it would take aorund 30,000 years.
It takes light about 25,000 years to reach earth from the nearest edge of the Milky Way.
It wouldn't matter where the Sun was, the Milky Way Galaxy would still have a diameter of around 100,000 light years.
It's doubtful if a civilization could still exist within an elliptical galaxy due to the age of the stars. If they could, then the sky would have a slight red tinge, nothing like the Milky Way.
That would be the one at the center of the Milky Way galaxy, about 27,000 light years from our sun.
Difficult to say. There are no fixed markers in space, no road signs, nothing that everyone might agree on as the "starting point" for measurement. It appears - to US - that the Milky Way Galaxy is here, and almost everything else is moving away from us. (Curiously, the Andromeda Galaxy is coming CLOSER, and we expect Andromeda to collide with the Milky Way in about 4 billion years, more or less.) People who live on planets orbiting stars in any other galaxy would see the same thing; their galaxy would be in the middle, and everything else would be moving away from THEM. We're here, and all of our measurements are measured relative to the Earth, or our Sun, or our Galaxy. That's all we know.
It's difficult to be certain; we're inside the Milky Way galaxy, and we've never seen it from the outside. For a long time, astronomers believed that the Milky Way was a classical spiral galaxy, but more complete observations indicates that it is actually a barred spiral galaxy.
Our sun is about 25,000 light years from the centre of the milky way.. It's about half way out from the centre of our galaxy.. So our galaxy from end to end would be 100,000 light years across..
Not long at all - as you/we are already in it. About 25,000 light years from the centre.
That would be the Milky Way Galaxy.
A spiral galaxy
I believe that would be M31.
We are in the Milky Way galaxy.
its a spiral galaxy and the earth is so far the only planet in the milky way where we know we can live
It wouldn't matter where the Sun was, the Milky Way Galaxy would still have a diameter of around 100,000 light years.
The question cannot be answered because you need a fixed reference point against which to measure the speed (or velocity) of the earth through the universe. What would this be? The sun (or centre of the solar system)? But that travels round the centre of the Milky Way Galaxy. The centre of Milky Way? But that travels around the centre of our local cluster. The centre of our local cluster? No, because that travels round ... and so on.
Absolutely nothing - in cosmic terms. The Milky Way is a dynamic entity. It changes size and shape very slowly - compared to us mere mortals. It's takes us about 230 million years to go around the galactic centre just once. So things do change, but very slowly. In about 5 billion years our Galaxy WILL get bigger when the Andromeda Galaxy "merges" with the Milky Way Galaxy.
The Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy is currently considered to be the closest galaxy to the Milky Way. It is 25,000 light years from our solar system and 42,000 light years from the center of the Milky Way. Its status as a galaxy is still disputed in some scientific circles. If the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy loses its galaxy status, then the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy would reacquire the title as the Milky Way's closest neighbor. It is it is roughly 50,000 light years from the center of the Milky Way.
I believe that would be M31.