It depends on how many mah your charger can produce
No. The speed at which the charger will charge the battery is determined by how many amps the charger outputs.
No, an automobile battery charger outputs 12 Volts. This is far too many volts to charge a 5 Volt battery. You would destroy the 5 Volt battery with this charger.
depends on your charger if you have charger that outputs about .8 volts it would take about 12 hour. Also if you want your battey to last longer buy the one that takes the longest to charge so it won't kill the battery.
An ac adapter converts ac current into dc current through a rectifier, and a battery charger outputs dc current at an adjustable powerful charging rate and also converts ac current to dc current to charge different sizes of batteries.
Use a special charger, such as an RV or boat charger, that has multiple outputs (best). Connect the two batteries in series, and use a 24V charger (ok, if the two batts are exactly the same). Connect the two batteries in parallel and use a standard 12V charger ( worst choice, one battery tends to hog the current, and they receive unequal charges). See the links for a dual-output charger I Googled.
Battery chargers generally operate at the same voltage as the voltage as the battery they are charging. They usually vary the amperage they feed into the battery to recharge it. A trickle charger usually only feeds a few amps into a battery to recharge it slowly over time. A fast charger feeds more amps for less time to bring the battery to full charge faster. Automotive alternators are the only charging systems that I am familiar with that generate more voltage than the battery they are charging. That's because they have to run the car AND recharge the battery at the same time. Car alternators can vary their amperage and voltage outputs to allow for the varying demands of the car and all of it's electrical devices and recharge the battery as needed.
This can be contrasted with quality control, which is focused on process outputs.
Control
This is due to the fact that the Li-ion needs to be charged while the computer is running. The charger will input a higher voltage to charge the battery while the 19v is pushed through a buck converter on the motherboard that outputs a regulated 12v to power the motherboard. This is neccessary to efficiently charge you laptop battery.
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The idle is control by the idle air control motor from outputs from the Engine Control Module.
A battery is very simple. A single cell is made of two dissimilar metals in an acid. When several cells are stacked together we get batteries with different power outputs.