NO
never
You can try putting her on the eggs but if she will not stay, then shes not going to. Not all animals have the mothering instinct, just like some people don't have it.
Not for most birds, but there are exceptions. Some birds are raised exclusively by the male - e.g. Dotterel, Kelp Goose, Upland Goose.
If the eggs don't hatch it mean they were either never fertile to begin with (the goose never mated or the mating never resulted in a pregnancy), or she didn't sit on her eggs constantly and they were exposed to the elements.
10000 hours
This is easy. Take the rocks out of the nest and dispose of them. The goose will have nothing to sit on and leave or lay a new clutch of eggs.
for 21 or 22 days.
1 day
Yes, a broody hen will sit in an empty nest, but not for long. The longest I've seen is one week with no eggs under her. Normally a chicken's egg will take 3 weeks to incubate. I have placed turkey, duck and goose eggs under chicken hens, and they will sit for those 28 required days and then take on another batch immediately for another month of sitting.
yes, she will lay more eggs until she gets too old to produce eggs or her untimely death. how do you know that was her first time laying eggs anyway? she may have had many others before. she may lay more in the same season or she may wait until next year.
Chipmunks do not lay eggs, they are mammals and give birth to live young.