A very high ratio of 1 in 11.
A very high ratio of 1 in 11.
The pro of sickle cell hemoglobin is that if you have only one allele for sickle cell hemoglobin and the other allele is normal, then you are immune to malaria.
codominant
codominant
The allele that causes sickle cell disease provides a protective advantage against malaria, particularly in regions where the disease is endemic. Individuals who are carriers (heterozygous) for the sickle cell trait have some resistance to malaria, which can be life-saving. However, when a person inherits two copies of the sickle cell allele (homozygous), they develop sickle cell disease, leading to severe health complications, such as pain crises, organ damage, and reduced life expectancy. Thus, the allele's dual role illustrates a classic example of balanced polymorphism in human genetics.
The allele for the sickle cell trait is codominant with the normal allele. This means that in individuals with both alleles present, both traits are expressed.
Since people with the sickle cell allele trait are resistent to malaria, if malaria were eliminated there would be no change in the frequncy of sickle cell allele. This is because the presense of malaria does not have an affect on patients with the sickle cell allele trait.
If both parents are carriers of the sickle cell trait (genotype AS), there is a 25% chance that their child will inherit the sickle cell disease (genotype SS). Each parent has one normal hemoglobin allele (A) and one sickle cell allele (S), which means the possible combinations for their child are AA, AS, and SS. Therefore, the probability of the child being affected by sickle cell disease is 25%. If both parents have sickle cell disease (genotype SS), then all children will also be affected (100%).
SS,Ss
The sickle cell allele can be maintained in the central African population, above the frequency of gene mutation (balancing selection), because the heterozygous sickle cell individuals have an advantage in lifespan, in this malaria stricken region, over the homozygous alternatives. Homozygous sickle-sickle individuals die early from the sickle cell disease. Homozygous nonsickle-nonsickle die early from malaria. The heterozygous sickle-nonsickle have a higher survival against malaria and therefore the sickle cell allele is balanced selected.
Both were carriers.
Yes, the genotype SC refers to individuals who have inherited one sickle cell allele (S) and one C allele, resulting in a sickle cell trait that is different from having sickle cell disease. This genotype can lead to some symptoms similar to sickle cell disease under certain conditions.