In the US, the FAA controls licensing of pilots. You can search for their pilot's license (a.k.a. their Airmen Certificate) on the FAA's website: https://amsrvs.registry.faa.gov/airmeninquiry/
In the US, FAA is the abbreviation for the Federal Aviation Administration.
374,161 FAA Registered Aircraft in USA
I the U.S.A. the FAA says that a pilot needs vision to be CORRECTABLE to 2020. As long as you can see 2020 your good. Ask your flight instructor first. Visit the FAA website.
In 2014 in America (latest statistics available), there were a total of 593,499 pilots certified by the FAA. In 2008 in America (for comparison with Canada), there were a total of 613,746 pilots certified by the FAA. In 2008 in Canada, (last statistics available), there were a total of 64,932 pilots certified by Transport Canada. In both countries, very roughly 0.2% of the population are pilots. That's very roughly 1 in 500 civilians. Military pilots are not included. In 2010 in the UK, there were 21,063 civil aircraft registered, and about 28,000 Private Pilots, and 10,000 certified glider pilots.
45,000
There are quit a few pilots in the US Army, of course most of which are helicopter pilots, if I had to put a number on it I would say approximately 10,000
Since 9-11, the FAA changed its rules so airplane pilots can be armed for security. The cabin door is also closed and has added security.
Connect with FAA, US Army/Navy to get the records. It will be hard to determine the right department but information retrieval will be easy.
Approximately 7,100 Females out of about 115100 pilots (both female and male) in the US!
Don't know number, but either the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration - www.faa.gov) or the AOPA (Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association - www.aopa.org) may be able to help. There are also associations for just business jets. Try a Google search for them.
For the US it was the FAA. Each country has there own version of the FAA.