two types hard linking and soft linking
The Linux VFS (Virtual File System) may be thought of as a sort of interface between the Linux kernel and the mounted file systems. There can be many different file system types mounted simultaneously and VFS allows the Linux kernel to see and address them all in a similar way. This provides Linux with a great deal of flexibility. [JMH]
Linux systems have access to a wide range of filesystems, however most Linux distributions default to ext3 or ext4. In the future it is our hope that the "standard" Linux filesystem will be btrfs.Linux supports many different file systems, including ext, ext3, ext4, ReiserFS, Reiser4, JFS, btrfs, and XFS.
One.
There is no "the startup file" in Linux; depending on the type of system, there may not be any files at all. The Linux boot process has a number of steps, many of which are optional or have alternative implementations.
grub ana LILO are the two boot loader in Linux
The Linux ext3 file system is the default system in many linux derivatives. It allows for journalling, which the ext2 system did not. It also allows in-situ upgrades without asking for a backup first.
Windows uses 4 file systems: FAT, NTFS, exFAT, and ReFS. "Linux" supports dozens of file systems, there are too many to mention. The differences between them are massive and specific to the file system in question. For a proper answer you need to read http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system . It is incorrect to say "the Linux file system is faster than Windows" because it's dependent on the data, and of course because there is no "Linux file system." It's incorrect to say "The Linux filesystem is more/less secure than the Windows file system" for the same reason. Drive encryption is available in both Windows and Linux. To the average user, there is no functional difference.
Literally infinite, as you can make your own unique file types.
The only "PDF creator" I am familiar with is a pseudo-printer driver for Windows to "print" to a PDF file. Linux has the ability to print to a PDF file built-in. There are many tools for creating PDF documents in Linux, if your application was not the one I described above.
"tar" is a file format popular in Unix operating systems. Originally designed for tape archive It is similar to a zip file or any of the many compression units. It has made a resurgence with Linux systems. See related link for more information.
You can open any file with C, since it does not distinguish between file types. It's the way you read from the file.
For linux file system creation there are many utilities.Example commands and utilities to create partitions:fdiskcfdiskcgdiskpartedGPartedFile system types:NTFSextext2ext3ext4swapfatbtrfs...All basically does the same with slight added or reduced functionality