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Three is the answer expected. Higher valences of phosphorus, in PCl5 for example can be explained by hybridisation although this method is not the only explanation.
wo. A strange question! if you hybridise the 3s and 3 p orbitals you end up with sp3 and still get the same answer. Perhaps the hybridisation involves d orbitals, if that is what you are being taught.
The two parallel p orbitals form one pi bond in an sp2 hybridization.
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Without hybridization, oxygen has a valence electron configuration of 2s22p4. Which means it has 2 unpaired electrons; therefore it can form 2 bonds.
Three is the answer expected. Higher valences of phosphorus, in PCl5 for example can be explained by hybridisation although this method is not the only explanation.
wo. A strange question! if you hybridise the 3s and 3 p orbitals you end up with sp3 and still get the same answer. Perhaps the hybridisation involves d orbitals, if that is what you are being taught.
The two parallel p orbitals form one pi bond in an sp2 hybridization.
Calcium can form the ion Ca2+ and forms many ionic compounds. Hybridisation would indicate we were talking about covalent bonding, calcium is not good at this, for example organo-calcium compounds are much more unstable than magnesium.
The strongest and most stable bonds involve carbon (C) to carbon bonds. C in sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridization, that is single, double and triple bonds, are the most stable.
Calcium can make two bonds because it is in the same group as oxygen.
Hydrogen bonds occur in bonding many elements, or compunds.. without them, we would surely die.
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Nobody knows for sure (except maybe Barry Bonds!).