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On January 22, 1588, John Winthrop was born in Groton England to a prosperous farming family. Like most young males with money at the time, he was sent away to various schools. At the age of fourteen he went to Trinity College and later went to Cambridge University from 1603-1604. It was at his stay at Cambridge that "a young John Winthrop became deathly ill and had his first religious experience that converted him into the Puritan group within England." (Elliott 354) He later went on to school at Gray's Inn in London during 1613 and studied law.
After his first year at Cambridge, Winthrop moved back home and married Mary Forth in 1605. They had six children and the record of his time with Mary is known through his section of "Experiencia" in 1607-1613 where Winthrop discusses his devotion to the Puritan way of life. Mary Forth, after ten years of marriage, died in 1616. Winthrop married again in 1616 to Thomasine Clopton who died a year later. It is John Winthrop's third wife, Margaret Tyndal, who he spends most of his life with for almost thirty years; she who died in 1647. He would then remarry that same year Martha Rainsboro, even though he still deeply mourned Margaret, due to his Puritan belief that no man was meant to live life alone.
In the 1620s, realizing he had mouths to feed and going through England's economic depression, Winthrop turned to law more and more in London (Baym 101). It was during this period that Winthrop in 1627 was appointed attorney to His Majesty's Court of Ward and Liveries and served also as justice of the peace. All was not well for the Winthrops in 1629; Charles I ascended the throne in England and had very little, if any, patience for the Puritans.
Feelings of discontentment took over and in April 1630 Winthrop and three of his sons set off onboard the Arbella for America with two hundred colonists calling themselves "Massachusetts Bay Company." It was during this time while Winthrop was crossing the Atlantic that he began his writing of A Journal of the Transactions and Occurrences in the Settlement of Massachusetts and the Other New-England Colonies, from the Year 1630 to 1649. It was aboard the Arbellathat Winthrop delivered his famous sermon "Christian Charitie. A Modell Hereof." It was this sermon that helped define the power and charisma that would lead Winthrop to become "the first and most important governor of Massachusetts Bay colony." (Wilson 341)
Upon arriving in America, Winthrop became governor establishing the "freemen" who were men who shared governing powers. He dealt with many problems from Indians to the right price for services and other commodities. It was in 1634 that Winthrop had a real problem. Anne Hutchinson preached against the basic principles of the Puritan society. She and her followers were considered not only enemies of Christ but of society. In 1637 Winthrop was reelected as governor and during this same year he tried and banished Anne Hutchinson. Winthrop had very little controversy after that. Some people criticized him for his role in the trial of Anne Hutchinson, but no one took serious notice of these complaints.
John Winthrop was a great political and religious leader for New England at that time. He died in office on March 26, 1649. John Winthrop was never really considered a literary figure. Winthrop wrote his journal not for publication, but for a diary which would later become a important artifact for history. He was more of a historian of the Puritan way of life.
John Winthrop's journal can be broken into two parts. First there are his adventures on board the Arbella and traveling the coast of New England. It tells of their obstacles and how they got through these obstacles through God's guiding hand. Then there is the second part that is not so uplifting but more of a warning to people. Winthrop tells of stories of men and women punished by God in the second part of his journal. Winthrop's journal is widely acclaimed not only during his lifetime but today due to his stories of the Puritan way of life and views of that era.
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