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How many different virus strains does the 2012-2013 seasonal influenza vaccine contain?
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∙ 11y ago
Two type A viruses and one Type B virus.
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∙ 11y ago
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Does a polio virus contain DNA or RNA?
The influenza virus contains Both DNA and RNA.Its an exception.
What are the 3 viruses in the seasonal flu shot?
The CDC-approved trivalent vaccines for the 2011-2012 flu season contain and will protect against the following three flu virus strains: 1. Type A Influenza/California/7/09 (H1N1)-like virus (Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus) 2. Type A Influenza/Perth/16/2009/ (H3N2)-like virus 3. Type B Influenza/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus
Does mango pulp contain the same ingredients as seasonal mango?
No
What type of viruses contain the enzyme lysozye to aid in their infection?
Influenza virus from Sanchia, London, Tottenham
What types of viruses contain rna insted of DNA?
Examples include: - Influenza - HIV - Hep C
Does Tamiflu have acetaminophen?
Tamiflu does not contain any acetaminophen. Tamiflu and acetaminophen can be safely administered together to relieve the aches and pain of influenza.
What is the difference between H1N1 H1N2 H3N2 and H3N1 viruses?
Overview:H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 are the only known Influenza A virus subtypes currently circulating among humans. All the subtypes listed in the question, i.e., H1N1, H1N2, H3N1 and H3N2 are the known subtypes of influenza A viruses that are endemic in pigs and create influenza in pigs, from which reassortants have formed new strains that can be infective to humans. H1N1 is the "swine flu" subtype of influenza, of which there are several different strains. This subtype is usually seen in humans and pigs. The better known reassortant H1N1 virus strain currently circulating is H1N1/09, the pandemic swine flu virus that caused the pandemic of 2009 and infected humans, pigs, birds, ferrets, dogs, and cats during the pandemic. There are several other less well known strains of the H1N1 subtype.H1N2 is a common flu in pigs in the Upper Midwest of the US. Until 2011, only one case had been known to occur in humans and that was in 2007 in Michigan. The second ever known case was found in an infant in December 2011 in Minnesota.H3N1 mostly only infects pigs.H3N2 is the subtype that produced a strain of flu that caused the Hong Kong Flu and another was the cause of the Fujian Flu, etc. In birds, humans, and pigs, there have been many new strains mutated and this subtype is becoming more prevalent in seasonal influenza.For background, the meanings of "H" and "N" in the nomenclature:Hemagglutinin: An important surface protein on the capsid (coat) of the influenza virus that is essential for the reproduction and the spread of the virus in the body in the lytic cycle of virus replication. This protein enables the virus to attach itself to a cell in the respiratory system or other mucous tissue and penetrate it to invade and use the host cell for reproduction. Referred to as the "H" in influenza viruses.Neuraminidase: An important surface structure protein of the influenza virus that is an essential enzyme for the spread of the virus throughout the respiratory tract. It enables the virus to escape the host cell and infect new cells. Referred to as the "N" in influenza viruses.See more about the lytic cycle and influenza virus nomenclature in the related questions below.Types of Influenza VirusesThere are three types of influenza viruses: Types A, B and C. Influenza A and B viruses cause seasonal outbreaks and epidemics of influenza virus infections each flu season. Type A causes all pandemics. Influenza type C infections cause a mild respiratory illness and are not thought to cause epidemics. Influenza A viruses are divided into subtypes based on the configuration of the two proteins on the surface of the viruses: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). [Not all H1N1 viruses are the same; not all H5N1 viruses are the same.....etc] There are 16 different hemagglutinin subtypes and 9 different neuraminidase subtypes. Influenza A viruses can be further broken down into different strains.Influenza B viruses are not divided into subtypes. Influenza B viruses also can be further broken down into different strains.Influenza A (H1N1), A (H3N2), and influenza B strains are included in each year's influenza vaccine. Getting a flu vaccination can protect against influenza A and B viruses. The flu vaccine does not protect against influenza C viruses.More information including how influenza viruses change: Drift and ShiftInfluenza viruses are dynamic and are continuously mutating, reassorting, and evolving. Influenza viruses can change in two different ways: antigenic drift and antigenic shift. Influenza viruses are changing by antigenic drift all the time, but antigenic shift happens only occasionally. Influenza type A viruses undergo both kinds of changes; influenza type B viruses change only by the more gradual process of antigenic drift. Antigenic drift refers to small, gradual changes that occur through point mutations in the two genes that contain the genetic material to produce the main surface proteins, hemagglutinin, and neuraminidase. These point mutations occur unpredictably and result in minor changes to these surface proteins. Antigenic drift produces new virus strains that may not be recognized by antibodies produced after exposure to earlier influenza strains.This process works as follows: a person infected with a particular influenza virus strain develops antibodies against that strain. As newer virus strains appear, the antibodies against the older strains might not recognize the "newer" virus to inactivate it, and infection with a new strain can occur. This is one of the main reasons why people can become infected with influenza viruses more than one time and why global surveillance is critical in order to monitor the evolution of human influenza virus stains for selection of which strains should be included in the annual production of influenza vaccine.In most years, one or two of the three virus strains in the seasonal influenza vaccine are updated to keep up with the changes in the circulating influenza viruses. For this reason, people who want to be immunized against influenza need to be vaccinated every year.Antigenic shift refers to an abrupt, major change to produce a novel influenza A virus subtype in humans that had not been currently circulating among people (see more information below under Influenza Type A and Its Subtypes).Antigenic shift can occur either through direct animal (poultry)-to-human transmission or through mixing of human influenza A and animal influenza A virus genes to create a new human influenza A subtype virus through a process called genetic reassortment or reassortant. Antigenic shift results in a new human influenza A subtype.A global influenza pandemic (worldwide spread) may occur if three conditions are met:A new subtype of influenza A virus is introduced into the human population.The virus causes serious illness in humans.The virus can spread easily from person to person in a sustained manner.
What does the triple antigen vaccine prevent?
There are different kinds of triple antigen vaccines. A triple antigen vaccine is one made with three different antigens (often three virus strains). The seasonal flu vaccines are examples of triple antigen vaccines, because they contain vaccines against the three influenza viruses most prominent and most likely to spread that season. These are also called Triple Valent or Trivalent vaccines. Another example is the MMR trivalent vaccine made to vaccinate against Measles, Mumps, and Rubella. Several of the childhood vaccinations are this type of trivalent vaccine.
Are flu pills bad when your pregnant?
See also the related question below for the current recommendations fromthe American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.My doctor actually recommended I get the flu shot while I was pregnant. I did and everything is still going fine.Here in UK pregnant women are not on the list of people who should receive flu shots, but I was asked this question (I am a midwife) and did some research and in US pregnant women are up there with the elderly, people with heart/lung disease and diabetics as people who should have flu shots.I have copied this over from the CDC website:"Is it safe for pregnant women to receive an influenza vaccine that contains thimerosal? Yes. A study of influenza vaccination examining over 2,000 pregnant women demonstrated no adverse fetal effects associated with influenza vaccine. Case reports and limited studies indicate that pregnancy can increase the risk for serious medical complications of influenza. One study found that out of every 10,000 women in their third trimester of pregnancy during an average flu season, 25 will be hospitalized for flu related complications.The trace amounts of mercury from the thimerosal in vaccinations (a preservative) are about the same amount as you would get from a single meal of fish.The following excerpts from a September 3, 2009 guidance document from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are about the H1N1/09 Influenza Vaccine and Pregnant Women:Influenza vaccines have not been shown to cause harm to a pregnant woman or her baby. The seasonal flu shot (injection) is proven as safe and already recommended for pregnant women. The 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine will be made using the same processes and facilities that are used to make seasonal influenza vaccines.It is important for a pregnant woman to receive the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine as well as a seasonal influenza vaccine. A pregnant woman who gets any type of flu is at risk for serious complications and hospitalization. Pregnant women who are otherwise healthy have been severely impacted by the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus (formerly called "novel H1N1 flu" or "swine flu"). In comparison to the general population, a greater proportion of pregnant women infected with the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus have been hospitalized. In addition, severe illness and death has occurred in pregnant women. Six percent of confirmed fatal 2009 H1N1 flu cases thus far have been in pregnant women while only about 1% of the general population is pregnant. While hand washing, staying away from ill people, and other steps can help to protect pregnant women from influenza, vaccination is the single best way to protect against the flu.There are two types of flu vaccine. Pregnant women should get the "flu shot"- an inactivated vaccine (containing fragments of killed influenza virus) that is given with a needle, usually in the arm. The flu shot is approved for use in pregnant women. The other type of flu vaccine - nasal-spray flu vaccine (sometimes called LAIV for "live attenuated influenza vaccine)-is not currently approved for use in pregnant women. This vaccine is made with live, weakened flu viruses that do not cause the flu). LAIV (FluMist®) is approved for use in healthy* people 2-49 years of age who are not pregnant. In addition to protecting her from infection, infants less than 6 months old will not be able to be vaccinated so it is recommended that everyone who lives with or provides care for infants less than 6 months of age receive both the seasonal influenza vaccine and 2009 H1N1 influenza monovalent vaccine to provide protection for the infant.One recent study conducted in Bangladesh, assessed the effectiveness of influenza immunization for mothers and their young infants. Inactivated influenza vaccine reduced proven influenza illness by 63% in infants up to 6 months of age. This study confirmed that maternal influenza immunization is a strategy with substantial benefits for both mothers and infants. There is no evidence that thimerosal (used as a preservative in vaccine packaged in multi-dose vials) is harmful to a pregnant woman or a fetus. However, because some women are concerned about exposure to preservatives during pregnancy, manufacturers will produce preservative-free seasonal and 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccines in single dose syringes for pregnant women and small children. CDC recommends that pregnant women may receive influenza vaccine with or without thimerosal. People for whom the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine is recommended should receive it, even if they have had an influenza-like illness previously, unless they can be certain they had 2009 H1N1 influenza based on a laboratory test that can specifically detect 2009 H1N1 viruses. CDC recommends that persons who were tested for 2009 H1N1 influenza discuss this issue with a healthcare provider to see if the test they had was either an RT-PCR or a viral culture that showed 2009 H1N1 influenza. There is no harm in being vaccinated if you had 2009 H1N1 influenza in the past.Pregnant women are encouraged to get vaccinated against the seasonal strains of influenza in addition to the A-H1N1/09 vaccine. That vaccine for seasonal flu is already distributed and available for use. The two kinds of vaccine (seasonal flu and "Swine Flu") must both be taken for complete protection from both kinds of flu in the upcoming flu season.Always check with your obstetrician before taking any medications in pregnancy. Your doctor may also be planning on administering the vaccines to patients.Note about H1N1 vaccines approved for use in the UK:These vaccines are slightly different from the vaccines approved for use in the US for A-H1N1/09, but are still recommended by the NHS for pregnant women. The difference is mostly that they contain adjuvants in the UK. See the related question below about swine flu shot ingredients.
What main substance would an influenza vaccine contain?
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What magazine contains seasonal predictions?
There are several magazines that contain seasonal predictions, such as Farmer's Almanac or Weatherwise. These publications often provide long-term weather forecasts, agricultural advice, and general insights on upcoming seasons based on historical data and scientific analysis.
Can two different foods contain the same nutrient?
Yes. Many different foods contain the same nutrients.
