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an element with 2 valence electrons can obtain a stable electron configuration by "kicking out" two electrons to have the same electron config as the noble gas in the previous period
Calcium loses two electrons to obtain a noble-gas electron configuration.
Chlorine atom has 17 electrons. It is readily accepting an electron from another atom to obtain its stable electron configuration (of argon). A chloride ion has 18 electrons.
Gain two electrons to have the electron configuration as Argon
Halogens are in the seventh group on the periodic table, and thus have seven electrons in their outer shell. In order to attain a noble gas configuration, it must gain an electron to form an octet, which is when eight electrons are in the outer shell.
Phosphorus, like all atoms, tries to achieve a full electron shell. For Phosphorus to achieve its full shell and obtain an electron configuration that is isoelectronic with Argon, it must gain 3 electrons. Therefore, Phosphorus forms a -3 anion.
an element with 2 valence electrons can obtain a stable electron configuration by "kicking out" two electrons to have the same electron config as the noble gas in the previous period
They achieve stable configuration by sharing their electrons in their outermost shell.
Calcium loses two electrons to obtain a noble-gas electron configuration.
Chlorine atom has 17 electrons. It is readily accepting an electron from another atom to obtain its stable electron configuration (of argon). A chloride ion has 18 electrons.
Gain two electrons to have the electron configuration as Argon
In the modern periodic table, these elements belong to group 17. These elements have s2 p5 electron configuration. Hence they need one more electron from an electron donor to fulfill its valence shell to obtain noble gas configuration.The elements in the group 7A has 7 electrons in their outermost energy level. They gain 1 electron to get the noble gas configuration. The elements in the group 7A are called halogens.
metals lose electrons to form ions so as to obtain noble gas configuration. for e.g. sodium(Na) has 11 electrons i.e. 1 electron in its valent (last) shell, to attain noble gas configuration sodium loses 1 electron which may be gained by a non-metal to stabilize itself.
The outermost shell in an atom is also known as the valence shell. When an atom is able to donate or obtain electrons to obtain a noble gas electron configuration, it is said to be stable. Generally, metals are electron donors and non metals are electron acceptors.
Carbon would gain four electrons to obtain the nearest noble gas (neon) configuration but because of it's unique location in the periodic table carbon may also lose four electrons to obtain the Helium electron configuration. More often than not carbon forms ions through covalent bonding with other nonmetals like oxygen (carbonate) and nitrogen (cyanide).
Boron has an electronic configuration of 1s22s22p1 (it has 5 electrons). In order to reach the stable electron configuration of a noble gas with a completely filled valence shell, boron atom has to lose 3 electrons to obtain a stable duplet structure (i.e. 2 electrons in its first electron shell). After losing 3 electrons, the boron atom forms a B3+ ion, or a so-called tripositive ion.
Halogens are in the seventh group on the periodic table, and thus have seven electrons in their outer shell. In order to attain a noble gas configuration, it must gain an electron to form an octet, which is when eight electrons are in the outer shell.