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While most linguists agree on the number of native language families in Canada (12: Algonquian, Athapaskan, Iroquoian, Wakashan, Salishan, Tsimshian, Tlingit, Haidian, Kootenaian, Siouan, Eskaleut, Beothuk), it is far more difficult to put a number on the languages within each of those groups. In fact it is next to impossible.
This is because there is no agreement on what constitutes a separate distinct language and what is simply a dialect of a language. For example, Naskapi is either a distinct Algonquian language closely related to Cree - or it is a Cree dialect; there are a very large number of Ojibwe dialects spoken across a vast area around the Great Lakes; the Blackfoot tribes each spoke their own dialect but are often grouped together as a single language; the tribes of the Iroquois League all spoke entirely different languages but many people lump them all together as if they were one.
One recent study puts the total number of native languages in Canada at 65, but if dialects are included the number reaches many hundreds. Another recent study lists just 11 language families and 50 languages - which underlines the difficulties of classification and of pinning down an accurate figure.
Answer:
The Ethnologue Catalog lists these 91 languages for Canada, but this list includes a few languages that are not native, such as English and French:
1. Abnaki, Western
2. Algonquin
3. American Sign Language
4. Assiniboine
5. Atikamekw
6. Babine
7. Beaver
8. Bella Coola
9. Blackfoot
10. Carrier
11. Carrier, Southern
12. Cayuga
13. Chilcotin
14. Chinese, Hakka
15. Chinook Wawa
16. Comox
17. Cree
18. Cree, Moose
19. Cree, Northern East
20. Cree, Plains
21. Cree, Southern East
22. Cree, Swampy
23. Cree, Woods
24. Dakota
25. Dene
26. Dogrib
27. English
28. French
29. German, Pennsylvania
30. Gitxsan
31. Gwich'in
32. Haida
33. Haida, Northern
34. Haida, Southern
35. Haisla
36. Halkomelem
37. Han
38. Heiltsuk
39. Hutterisch
40. Inuktitut
41. Inuktitut, Eastern Canadian
42. Inuktitut, North Alaskan
43. Inuktitut, Western Canadian
44. Kaska
45. Kutenai
46. Kwakiutl
47. Lakota
48. Lillooet
49. Malecite-Passamaquoddy
50. Maritime Sign Language
51. Michif
52. Micmac
53. Mohawk
54. Montagnais
55. Munsee
56. Naskapi
57. Nisga'a
58. Nootka
59. Ojibwa
60. Ojibwa, Central
61. Ojibwa, Eastern
62. Ojibwa, Northwestern
63. Ojibwa, Severn
64. Ojibwa, Western
65. Okanagan
66. Oneida
67. Onondaga
68. Ottawa
69. Plautdietsch
70. Potawatomi
71. Quebec Sign Language
72. Salish, Straits
73. Sarsi
74. Sechelt
75. Sekani
76. Seneca
77. Shuswap
78. Slave
79. Slavey, North
80. Slavey, South
81. Squamish
82. Stoney
83. Tagish
84. Tahltan
85. Tanana, Upper
86. Thompson
87. Tlingit
88. Tsimshian
89. Tuscarora
90. Tutchone, Northern
91. Tutchone, Southern
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