Yes. Many people donate a kidney to friends or family members that have kidney failure. The donor then has one kidney and probably the recipient has one functioning kidney.
Yes it can. For example people with kidney transplants only have one kidney.
You don't, many people live with one kidney and you can donate a kidney if you want to.
Some people may have only one kidney for several reasons, such as having a diseased or injured kidney removed, or donating a kidney to someone in a kidney transplant, or probably less likely might be that they were just born with only one.
Just one per kidney.
There are far too many people that get kidney cancer each year. The number is in the hundreds around the world.
Usually no. Amazingly enough we can survive with one kidney. Someone who has one kidney should see a Dr. regularly to check bloodwork regarding kidney function.
Most of the kidney diseases are not transmitted from one person to other.
If it's one healthy kidney, sure. Plenty of people donate one kidney and manage just fine afterwards. The concern would be if whatever it was that caused one kidney not to develop somehow messed up the existing kidney too.
It shouldn't affect you at all - people can function perfectly well with only one kidney.
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You can survive with one kidney because it can do the work of both! However, people living with one kidney have to be very cautious of their lifestyle choices as leading an unhealthy life would lead to kidney failure faster than a person with two kidneys.