Your question is a bit vague, but let's try a two part answer. If you have a GFCI breaker in an electric panel you should only have one connection at the breaker, but the breaker will protect all devices on the circuit. If you are talking about a GFCI outlet, they are equipped to extend the GFCI protection to other non-GFCI outlets by using the proper "output" connection on the GFCI.
The areas that should be protected - Exterior plugs, garage plugs, plugs next to a sink or tub. Kitchen and / or island plugs. Remember, one plug can protect an entire circut.
One way to protect your hearing is to stay away from loud things without ear plugs or headphones or anything to protect your ears.
You need a GFCI outlet at any location that is within 6' of a water source. You also need a GFCI outlet in a room with a concrete floor, any garage, and any location outside the home or under the home in the crawl space. A GFCI outlet protects you from electrical shock near water or moisture. You can protect more than one outlet with 1 GFCI outlet. Connect the incoming power to the LINE side of the GFCI outlet and all the other outlets getting power from that outlet to the LOAD side of the GFCI outlet. That way they will all be protected by 1 GFCI. A GFCI breaker is used to protect an entire circuit and not just individual receptacles. It is often cheaper to use GFCI receptacles than a breaker, especially if "piggy-backed" such as described above. It is also more convenient to reset a GFCI receptacle than to reset a breaker. But your question is "why." From this I suspect you may be misunderstanding the difference between a breaker and GFCI protection. To keep things simple let me say that a GFCI does not work on the same principles as a standard breaker. It provides a much safer protection than a standard breaker. Even with a ground you need GFCI protection as listed above.
code states that if a water source such as a sink is within 6 feet of a receptacle, that recetacle (s), must be protected by a GFCI receptacle. I believe the actual distance is 5 feet. Please forgive me if I'm wrong. But the NEC also requires that ANY counter top receptacles in a kitchen and receptacles ANYWHERE in a bathroom must be GFCI protected. More directly to your question, ordinary receptacles can be protected from a GFCI receptacle if properly wired. They are designed to do that. It is a way to save money. You may also consider a GFCI breaker if you have many receptacles to protect. I was told once that there is a limit of 3 "piggy backed" receptacles per GFCI but I have never seen that in the NEC.
Yes. You can wire more than one gfci to a circut.
Yes, but you can feed multiple outlets from one GFCI outlet. Make the first outlet fed in the cicuit a GFCI. Search for GFCI outlet with Google, etc. and I'm sure you will find an explanantion of how. Most GFCI's come with instructions also.
No, only one GFCI per circuit.
GFCI receptacle has the ability to protect all receptacles down stream from the device. One way to see what is on the circuit after the GFCI is to trip (test) the device. Every thing that is connected downstream will shut off and there will be no voltage present to test. Any outlets ahead or upstream of the device on the same circuit will not be effected. <<>> Trip the gici. If the outlet goes out it's after, if not, it's before.
Four plugs, one per cylinder.
If the "hot" incoming from your distribution panel goes directly to your bathroom first and then to other receptacles in the circuit it could be that the GFCI in your bathroom has tripped. The GFCI has the capacity to protect all of the down stream devices. You may have plugged something into one of your kitchen receptacles and the device had a ground fault on it and that would not be enough to trip the breaker but would trip a GFCI receptacle. This condition is normally caused by a GFCI outlet being tripped. These can be placed in the kitchen, in the bathroom, or sometimes in the basement. If you check all of these places and cannot find a GFCI either start looking elsewhere in the house or contact an electrician. If you do locate the GFCI outlet and that does not correct the problem then their is either more GFCI outlets to be reset or there is a more serious problem that should be addressed by an electrician.Note: most homes have multiple GFCI outlets protecting multiple circuits. As always, if you are in doubt about what to do, the best advice anyone should give you is to call a licensed electrician to advise what work is needed.Before you do any work yourself,on electrical circuits, equipment or appliances,always use a test meter to ensure the circuit is, in fact, de-energized.IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY SURE YOU CAN DO THIS JOBSAFELY AND COMPETENTLYREFER THIS WORK TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS.
Since GFCI's are more expensive, you wouldn't want to use them in any place where they are not required. In many old homes, GFCI's are sometimes used for outlets in bedrooms and living rooms where proper grounding is necessary (for computers, TV's, other electronics), but not available because of the age of the wiring. You would also want to avoid cramming a GFCI into a box that is too small to accommodate the bulkier GFCI outlet. You should first replace the box to a larger one.