You can have as many processes as will fit in the process table and remain comfortably in memory (which is a lot).
For example struct tm and struct stat are often used by UNIX processes.
ps -ef
PS -e|cut -d " " -fname|wc -l
In Unix, pipes are basically how information flows between processes. Unnamed pipes are created and destroyed within the processes life cycle. Named pipes exist until removed with an unlink() command and can be used with unrelated processes.
A "process" is a program. In multitasking environments such as Unix or Windows - in fact, in most modern operating systems - the computer can run multiple processes at the same time. Note that not all of such processes need to have a visible window - some can be hidden from the user, until you use a special tool or command to list the processes.
PS -eaf|grep defunct
It is a system software and all the processes in the operating system can be controlled by the user.
The word daemon is a word of Greek derivation meaning "worker". Daemon processes in Unix are background tasks that do things, such as printing, networking, task scheduling, etc.
Some versions of Unix are oriented towards real time applications, and processes in Unix can be "promoted" to real time status if desired. Other than that, you would have to define more precisely what you mean by real time for an operating system.
The Unix Kernel is the base level part of the Operating System that is usually memory resident and is not swapped out. It contains the primary portions of the OS to allow other processes to execute, be managed, etc.
Linux, Minix, Coherent, FreeBSD, etc. These are all clones of Unix
GNU/Linux is a 'Unix-like' operating system because it was based on Unix, and is similar in many ways.