There are 5 quartiles in any data set.
It depends on what you wish to convert them to. Having said that, there are not many options.
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No.
Yes it does.
The interquartile range is well known as a measure of statistical dispersion. It is equal to difference between upper and lower quartiles. The quartiles is a type of quantile.
Quartiles are values that divide a sample of data into four groups containing the same number of observations. You will find details in the related link.
It gives you the interquartile range
It is a simple but crude measure of the spread of data.
Quartiles have nothing to be "solved", but they can be "found" if that's what you mean...
quartiles
Outliers
Quartiles.