That varied over the centuries. At the beginning of the Peloponnesian War it numbered about 36,000.
In Athens.
Both.
yes they had about 1000 foot soldiers
Democracy in the ancient city - state of Athens was supported by its citizens who also were its soldiers [πολίτες/ οπλίτες]
Athens shouldn't go to war with Sparta because they will loose a lot of soldiers.
The soldiers were a militia, called out for service when required. They were drawn from the citizens who were normally mainly farmers and tradesmen.
No, just the ten thousand citizen soldiers of Athens and Plataia.
The Spartans were stronger, but Athens had a better trained army... I think. The Spartans were the "Navy Seals" of the Greek states. Roughest and toughest soldiers by far. But Athens was the best naval power of Greece.
Sparta provided soldiers, naval ships and leadership of the Greek city-states. Athens provided first ships until the Persian navy was defeated, then an army in the land battles.
Not automatically. The soldiers, just like every other free citizen (In Athens), had to be elected into senate.
Athens, Alabama Athens, Georgia Athens, Texas Athens, Ohio Athens, Illinois Athens, Indiana Athens, Maine New Athens, Illinois Athens, County Ohio Athens, New York Athens, Pennsylvania Athens, West Virginia Athens, Wisconsin Athens, Louisiana Athens, Michigan
Sparta. He led the famous 300 - the Spartan soldiers who stood down thousands of Persian soldiers and all died in the attempt.