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Phidippides, I believe. But you should probably check wikipedia...
Reality
There is a problem here - Pheidippides was dead by the time of the battle. He had run to Sparta to summon them to help Athens fight off the invading Persians. On his return after running nearly 200 miles, he died of exhaustion. Meanwhile the Athenians and Plataeans stayed in the hills around Marathon where the superior Persian cavalry could not get at them, waiting for the Spartans to arrive. On the tenth day, the Athenians saw the Persian cavalry being embarked on ships, and took the opportunity of running down and defeating the inferior Persian infantry on the plain, caught without their cavalry protection. After this battle, the Athenians realised where the Persian cavalry was being shipped to - around to Athens to disembark and gallop up through the gates opened by traitors. The whole Athenian army - all 18,000 - ran over the hills the 26 miles back to Athens and formed up in front of the city just as the Persian cavalry was disembarking. Frustrated, the Persians re-embarked and went home. It is this run by the 18,000 after whom the Marathon run of today commemorates, not the already dead Pheidippides as is commonly claimed by peddlers of a 'good story'. The real story is far more interesting and evocative of admiration. The reality of the 9,000's feat is enhanced by the fact that they ran in sandals carrying armour, shields and weapons, and their staple diet was bread. Rather different and more challenging compared to the conditions of today's pampered athletes. But with their city, property and families as the prize, they had a compelling incentive as well as unrivaled guts.
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By their parents. The richer and smarter ones could later attend academies where they were taught by philosophers.
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only free men and they had to be in the government
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It is impossible to get these statistics.
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Religious festivals and the plays which were part of them, government handouts of money and jobs paid for by the money mulcted from its empire, going to perfume shops for males which were gossip centres, art, military activity, baths, producing large families. A few enjoyed philosophical discussions.
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im sorry , did you mean what are three contributions of Greece to democracy? if so, it was Athens, (not all of Greece) who created democracy.
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The U.S. has a much broader citizenship base than Ancient Athens had. The be an Athenian, both of your parents had to be Athenian, if one of your parents were not, you were not. You had to be male; you had to have served a tour of duty in either the national guard or naval reserve, and you had to come from one of the recognized ruling aristocratic families. You did not absolutely have to own land, but most citizens did.
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Athens is the capital of Greece and is in the southeast of Europe. See the map below.
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Born in 570 B.C.E and died in 508 B.C.E
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Marathon was just the fight by the city-state of Athens to repel a Persian punitive expedition sent in response to Athens' meddling in supporting rebellions by Greek cities within the Persian empire. The intent of Persia was to instal an Athenian ex-tyrant Hippias to keep Athens under control. There was no plan to do anything to Greece, which comprised hundreds of independent city-states.
Failure at Marathon led the Persians to think that the only way to keep things quiet was to bring the city-states in mainland Greece within their empire and establish an ethnic frontier, so they invaded peninsula Greece ten years later. If this had succeded, we should remember that even under Persian rule, the Greek cities in Asia Minor prospered and maintained their identity, their cultural and scientific advances outpointing that of mainland Greece. They survived there until 1923 CE when evacuated at the end of the Turkis-Greek war which continued on after World War 1.
And of course there were the western Greeks of Italy, Sicily and the islands who would not have been under Persian rule.
It is interesting to note that more recenty mainland Greece spent hundreds of years under Ottoman Turk rule until it fought for and regained independence in 1832 CE. We just can't know for sure, but the Greeks were cultural survivors who would almost certainly have made a comeback against the Persians, just as they did 2,000 years later against the Turks.
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He persuaded them to stay inside the city walls rather than risk defeat by the stronger Peloponnesian forces in the open in an attempt to stop their fields being ravaged. The long walls, whose construction he had supervised over the previous two decades, also provided protected access to the sea, and so food could be imported from the Athenian empire during a siege, and the Athenian fleet in its ports could strike at the home cities of the besiegers in the absence of their armies.
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Athens because Sparta's didn't have good development.
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Persia provided funds for the Spartan alliance to raise a navy which could match the Athenian alliance navy.
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They brought a period of political stability desired by the majority of the people who wanted an end to aristocratic rule and infighting. After nearly 50 years it was time for a change, the tyrant was expelled, and there was a turn towards democracy.
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There was strong endorsement and patronage of the intellectual arts from the ruling Umayyad Dynasty. This allowed many intellectuals to develop their science, maths, philosophy, history, and artistry.
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He had no such ambition. Athens was a small city in a big world, including a couple of thousand other Greek city-states.
He wanted to use the money extorted from Athens' empire to glorify Athens and spend on raising the Athenian living standards, both for the benefit of the citizens and to cement his own status as First Citizen in a volatile political environment.
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Do a web search for images of Athens - there are plenty to inform you.
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The citizens (male) met in assembly and voted to accept or reject eash law.
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In Rome women were citizens and had the rights which citizenship conferred, expect for the right to vote and to hold public office.
In Athens and the rest of Greece women were not considered citizens. Expect for Sparta they had no legal personhood and were under the guardianship of their kurios (lord, master) who was the father (or if dead, her uncle or brothers) or the husband.
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The city was connected to it's port by walls, which allowed it to both receive supply when besieged, and also send out warships to raid the home city of opponents in the absence of its armies. It could mount a superior fleet, and a competitive army, however not enough manpower to do both at the same time.