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There are three forms of damage caused by a nuclear detonation:

  • Blast
  • Fire
  • Radiation

Of the three, blast and fire are typically the most devastating over the largest area. Radiation, however, is the longest lasting and depends on the nuclear components of the device.

Typically, destructive distance is referred to as the blast radius. The bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Little Boy (the benchmark for most of what we know), had a blast radius of one mile. That is that the wave from the detonation of the device at about 500 meters altitude spread out at about the speed of sound for one mile from ground zero (a two mile diameter). The blast radius is directly related to the yield of the device. Little boy being relatively small, about 40 kt (kiloton). The average yield at the height of the Cold War was about five mt (megaton). This yield device, with a surface burst detonation (the least destructive--compared to subsurface or airburst) produces a blast radius of about 20 miles.

In addition to the blast radius is the area of firestorm and high level radiation which is roughly twice that of the blast radius.

There are a number of nuclear blast emulators available on line. One is linked below.

Little Boy was about 15 kilotons, not 40 kilotons. Fat Man was a little more than 20 kiloton.

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