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How might insects develop a resistance to bt toxins what ecological risks would this have?
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Why can the caterpillar of the monarch butterfly eat the milkweed plant and be unaffected by the toxin?
The milkweed and the insects that feed on it ( monarchs, milkweed tussocks, milkweed leaf beetles, milkweed longhorns, etc.) have coevolved. All plants have toxins in them to keep from being eaten, but certain species develop immunity to certain toxins, allowing them to feed only on those plants. The evolutionary relationship between plants and the insects that eat them has been likened to an "arms race", in which plants develop toxins to help themselves survive and then the insects develop immunities to allow them to keep feeding. After millions of years of this convolution, very firm insect-host relationships are developed, which is why most insects can only feed on a single host plant or family of host plants. Monarchs have also developed the ability to sequester the Cardiac glycosides in the milkweed to gain the toxicity for themselves. This is a fairly common adaptation in insects.
What is it called when you have a resistance to metabolites or pathogens and its toxins?
Immunity
Role of enzyme and toxins on pathogenesis?
The main role of enzyme and toxins on pathogenesis is to provide resistance to disease. They also catalyze the reactions within a cell.
What is a potential risk of creating genetically modified crops?
New insects resistant to toxins
What is the refuge principle for delaying development of resistance against Bt in insect pests?
A supply of host plants that are not engineered genetically to produce Bacillus thuringiensis- (Bt-) derived insecticidal toxins and that thereby delay insect immunity by sustaining susceptible insects describes the refuge principle for delaying development of resistance against Bt in insect pests. The refuge principle offers non-exposed, susceptible insects for mating with resistant insects that feed on crops genetically engineered to produce Bt-derived toxins in a study from the Department of Entomology at the University of Arizona in Tucson from August 5, 1999. It suggests that adaptation of insect pests to such genetic engineering may come later than earlier if exposed and non-exposed populations mix even though research must be done on crops and insects other than cotton and pink bollworm moths (Pectinophora gossypiella).
What is biological resistance?
Biological resistance refers to the body's natural ability to repel attacks by biotic agents such as pathogens or toxins. It could also mean the genetic ability to survive lethal doses of biocides.
Why genetically modified crops are made?
Genetically modified crops are made in order to make a desired trait, such as high yield, disease resistance, large fruit etc. more pronounced and/or undesired traits, such as toxins and large seeds in fruit etc. less pronounced. For example, some crops may have a resistance to a certain disease that other crops do not have, the gene that causes the resistance to the disease can be introduced to another type of crop in order to create resistance in the other type of crop. Also some crops may have undesirable traits such as naturally occurring toxins which are a defence mechanism of the plant. Genetic modification can be used to stop the expression of the genes which cause these toxins to be produced, making crops safer for consumption.
What are the effects of L glycine on the human body?
L-glycine eats up these negative toxins produced in the muscles when you work out. These toxins are why you get tired and sore when you work out. Glycine increases endurance and resistance to fatigue during your sets. A good glycine product would be GAKIC from Muscletech.
What is an instinctual adaptation poison dart frogs have?
The insects the frog eat consume toxic plants , and then when the dart frog consumes the insect it then consume the toxins which then they find their way to the skin.
Which salts has no toxins?
Salts have not toxins; don't confuse toxins with toxic substances.
What immunoglobulin Ig is mainly responsible for resistance against viruses bacteria and bacterial toxins?
The immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most important for humans; see also the link below.
How do you fight toxins?
There exist many anti-toxins that greatly reduce the effects of toxins.
