No, a 245 tire is 245 mm wide. A 275 is 275 mm wide.
It is 275 mm wide.
It is 275 mm wide at the tread.
It is 265 mm wide
It is 315 mm wide.
It is 245 mm wide at tread.
The tread is 295 mm wide.
The tread is 305 mm wide
Yes. That's the ETRTO sizing standard, with dimensions in mm. 54-559 means that the tire is about 54 mm wide and the Bead Seat Diameter is 559 mm. 40-559 means the tire is about 40 mm wide and the same the Bead Seat Diameter of 559 mm. If the rim is real wide, the 40 mm tire might not be an ideal choice as it's a full 14 mm (or a little more than 1/2") narrower. But odds are it'll be OK.
It is 265 mm wide = 10.43 inches (approx).
Tire tread is 205 MM wide or 8 inches Side wall height is 40 % of tread width or 81.7 mm or 3.2 inches Wheel size is 17 inches Overall tire height is 23.4 inches or 595 mm
255 mm wide versus 245 mm wide. Can not answer for height since the second tire you listed as a 0 for the next number. The second number in a tire size is the aspect ratio of the side wall. If it is 65, that means the side wall is 65% of 255mm in height.