To dilute 4 ml of serum by 100-fold, you need to make the final volume 400 ml. This may or may not be accomplished by adding 396 ml, depending on if the volumes of serum and diluent are additive or not.
1:5
Serial dilution in Widal test helps to determine the titer of antibodies in the patient's serum by observing the agglutination reaction with specific antigens. By diluting the serum sample in a stepwise manner, the titer at which agglutination occurs can be determined, providing valuable information about the presence and concentration of antibodies against Salmonella typhi and Paratyphi antigens in the blood.
To convert serum values to whole blood values, you generally use the formula: Whole Blood Concentration = Serum Concentration × (1 - Hematocrit). Hematocrit is the percentage of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells. This conversion accounts for the dilution effect of the plasma in serum compared to whole blood. Keep in mind that this formula is typically applied to specific analytes and may vary based on the substance being measured.
A snow storm precluded it.
Serum, it lacks all of the elements needed for clotting. They have been separated out.
A titer is a quantifiable measure of specific antibodies in a serum that combines the effects of concentration and affinity. It is determined by serially diluting a sample or serum in tubes or in a multiple-welled micro-titer plate and mixing it with antigen. It is the Maximum dilution of the serum that holds "++" agglutination. For instance if you have 2 tube with "++" and different titre like 3:160 and 4:320 the titer of the serum will be 4:320
Serum is serum
That is a good question! The answer is simple. You do step by step dilution of the serum with probably normal (isotonic) saline solution and test the same for Widal test. This is how you do quantitative test for many other tests also.
Plasma minus clotting proteins is called serum. Serum is the liquid portion of blood that remains after blood has clotted and the clotting factors have been removed. Serum is used in various medical tests to measure different components in the blood.
Serum is generally free from blood cellular components but when collecting serum sometimes few cells will be pipetted with the serum & that is the only source of DNA in the serum.
For a complement fixation test, you will need serum samples from the patient being tested, heat-inactivated complement serum, specific antigen-antibody complexes, an indicator system to visualize complement activity, saline or buffer solutions, and control samples. The test is used to detect the presence of specific antibodies in the patient's serum by measuring the level of complement fixation.
serum is diluted, or titered, and the test is done again. The serum is then further diluted and the test repeated until the serum is so dilute that fluorescence is no longer seen. The last dilution that showed fluorescence is the titer reported.