yes, if i can
The moment you propose your payment plan.
no
It depends on what chapter you file under. There are separate types of bankruptcy for businesses and for individuals. The two chapters for individuals is chapter 7 and chapter 13. Chapter 7 discharges most debts but has more serious repercussions. Chapter 13 consolidates many debts to make one payment which is much more manageable. The attached article explains bankruptcy and compares chapter 7 and chapter 13.
None, if you mean refinance a debt in the chapter 13. If your car dies, and you can find one that does not require a payment much more than you were paying before, you can probably get it approved by the trustee and the court.
When it pertains to a chapter 13, the trustee receives the payment amount stipulated in the approved BK, and disburses the funds in accordance to debt priority. Chapter 13's are more expensive than "7's" because of the additional work involved in the payment and accounting of debts.
If you mean, can they be included in a chapter 13, the answer is, they must be. If you mean, can you file a chapter 13 because of garnishments and secured loan payment arrears, yes, that's what chapter 13 is for.
There is no real "punishment"for not meeting the obligations of chapter 13 (which are usually pretty strict repayment plans). The negative side effect is that filing for bankruptcy will be on your credit report and your payment obligations will be due in full (rather than the reduced payment plans established by chapter 13) which can be very difficult.
It's your disposable income. The debtor files a statement of income and expenditures. The expenditures cannot be unreasonably high. The chapter 13 payment is the difference between the income and expenditures.
Generally you should not have to because a chapter 13 protects your assets through the payment plan you filed with the court.
Many people struggle with keeping up with the strict payment plans that go along with the chapter 13 bankruptcy. Typically when you cannot keep up with your payments you should talk to the court and also consider the possibility of switching to Chapter 7.
Money for your plan payment, tax refunds.