James Cook charted much of Australia's eastern coastline in 1770.
Neither. James Cook explored much of the coast in the 1770s for Britain. Abel Tasman had already explored some of the coasts for Holland in the 1640s. Australia may have been seen by white people some years earlier. Sir Edmond Hillary was a New Zealander who, along with sherpa Tensing, first climbed Mount Everest in 1953. The aborigines arrived in Australia tens of thousands of years ago, so they were the true discoverers.
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This is something that may never be definitively known. In 1778, Captain James Cook and his crew were greeted with much warmth by the generous Polynesian people, and women were readily provided to the members of Cook's crew. Whether or not Cook himself took advantage of this particular hospitality is unknown.
The secret orders James Cook opened after completing his observations of the transit of Venus were to sail south and west from Tahiti until he reached Terra Australis Incognita -"The Unknown Southern Land" - and to map it, record observations of it and, if he felt it was worthwhile, to claim the land, as long as it was unoccupied before other countries, especially France, reached it first. There was still a belief that New Holland discovered by the Portuguese and Dutch was not the great southern continent, and that another, greater continent lay in the southern hemisphere. Cook's orders were to find out as much as he could about this land.
It was not so much a matter of what James Cook wanted to do, as that he was chosen to complete a specific task, which happened to be to observe the transit of Venus and then to continue to explore the South pacific. With his experience and skills, he was an ideal candidate for the scientific and exploration missions upon which he set out.
Yes, Captain James Cook James Cook was an explorer of the eighteenth century, known for his voyages to the Pacific Ocean. Cook visited New Zealand, established the first European colony in Australia, and was the first European to visit Hawaii. He also approached Antarctica and explored much of the western coast of North America.
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Australian aborigines these days live much like anybody else in that country. Many of them live together in small communities throughout the country.
Joseph Banks was a botanist. Because James Cook was under secret orders to find out as much as he could about the "great southern continent", if it existed, Banks's task was to collect specimens of new species of flora discovered, and to record observations about them.
He found Australia and that solved the problem about the English over crouded prisons by making Austalia a prison island pritty much. Note: When Australia was discovered by James Cook, he called it all "New South Wales" which is what is the name of one of Austalia's states.
James Cook was the son of a farm labourer. He didn't have much of an ambition, so he was apprenticed to a haberdasher/grocer at the age of 16. He didn't show much promise here, either, having little aptitude for the trade, so his employer introduced him to local shipowners, who took him on as a merchant navy apprentice. Here he was educated in algebra, trigonometry, navigation, and astronomy, which later set Cook up to command his own ship.