A lot, it really depends on the suppliers of the company
Only about 15 gallons of the 42 gallon standard barrel is refined into gasoline.
Gasoline was first used as refined petroleum product around 1870. It would be not sold until after then. Actually gasoline was considered to be a waste product when oil was refined for kerosene which was used in heating and lighting.
A single 42-gallon barrel of crude oil is refined into about 19.6 gallons of gasoline.
A barrel of crude contains 42 gallons. Each barrel yields about 19.15 gallons of gasoline plus other petroleum-based products. http://www.eia.doe.gov/bookshelf/brochures/gasoline/index.html
From each 42-gallon barrel of crude oil, about 19.6 gallons of gasoline and 9.2 gallons of diesel fuel are refined.
Diesel fuel is the kind of fuel used by diesel engines. Its a combustible fuel refined from crude oil - just as is gasoline - but diesel has a much higher flash point than gasoline. Its grade is measured in cetane rather than octane
It varies alot. The minimum value is zero- as some crude oil are refined into other products. So, let's assume this is a crude that is economical to refine into gasoline. In this case , it can be as low as 2 gallons or as high as 23 gallons. (1 bbl = 42 gallons) Expressed as a percentage of the crude oil, this is 5 to 55%. (See attached links). The crude oil not refined as gasoline will be refined for other products. Common refined products from crude oil are provided in the related link, and will differ depending on the properties of the crude oil. It's very interesting that after refining, there will be more gallons of produced products than the original barrel of crude oil.
Diesel has a much higher viscosity than petrol (gasoline). It is less refined and contains more oil to lubricate and cool the combustion chamber in a diesel engine.
It's a supply and demand issue. Demand for gasoline is much greater than that for Diesel. Therefore, the supply of Diesel is less which drives up the price.
Global Industrial supply and ship much-needed equipment and accessories to a wide variety of industries. Items include medical and laboratory equipment, outdoor grounds and maintenance supplies and vehicle maintenance devices.
The average cost of gasoline per gallon in 1975 was approximately 75 cents per gallon. This was petroleum that was refined for the use of most cars and trucks.
It was 20 cents a gallon in 1955. Not only that, I could get a quart of re-refined motor oil for 10 cents if I provided my own container. It was called bulk oil and they pumped it out of a 55 gallon barrel.