please give me instruction to use an oscilloscope
Measure AC voltage with multimeter. It is easiest way to check how big ripple is. There is no way to 'calculate' value.
Use an oscilloscope. That shows the voltage waveform and you can read the peak value.
100v divided by 1.41
what's the noramal pulse for the adulte
increased rms value
In the name of Allah,the most Gracious,the most Merciful... The Oscilloscope has several advantages over a voltmeter, for example if you want to determine a signal parameters [ voltage values (max,peak-to-peak,rms,average...etc),frequency,offset...etc ] using measurement tools: 1- You can use the Oscilloscope whatever the signal frequency is, but you can't use the Avometer unless the signal frequency is 50 to 60 Hz. 2- The Oscilloscope shows you the shape (form) of the signal, while the Avometer doesn't. 3- You can determine the maximum value of the signal (max voltage) and peak-to-peak voltage when you observe the signal on an Oscilloscope,hence you can calculate the rms (root mean square) value, i.e. the effective value , the average value and the offset of signal form the time axis (the horizontal axis). While an Avometer can only give you the rms value.
FALSE
90
In pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), you send a single pulse of a certain height (amplitude) that represents the value of the sampled signal at that time. With pulse code modulation (PCM), you take the same sampled value, but now represent that value by N bits, where N is the number of quantized regions. Why send a whole bunch of bits instead of just a single pulse? Because PCM performs better in situations of higher noise (AWGN).
Latching current is the current flowing between anode to Cathode when thyristor is turned on using gate pulse. If the gate pulse is removed before the required min amount of latching current value is not reached thyristor will turn off. To keep the thyristor in on state the gate pulse duration should be so adjusted that the min latching current value is reached before it ends.
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