How the government makes laws?

Answer 1

There are really two answers to that question, the philosophical and the practical. The philosophical answer is that when citizens vote in an election, they are not just indicating their personal preference about the candidates, they are also implicitly agreeing to be governed by whomever wins the election. Voters consent to government, by voting. Government then has the moral authority to govern because it has the consent of the voters.

The practical answer is that government has considerable power to arrest, imprison, or execute people who do not comply with their laws, because of the various police forces and armies at their disposal. So, even if a government suspended elections and declared martial law (which is not an unusual event in some countries) and lost the moral authority to govern, that comes from being elected, they would still have the power to make and enforce laws, as long as the military remained loyal to the government. In the end, laws are enforced by the exercise of power. As Chairman Mao once said, all power flows from the barrel of a gun.

Answer 2

It depends on what government you are talking about.