The main threats to validity are bias, confounding and chance. But keep in mind the internal and the external validity. Internal validity is the extent to which systematic error is minimised during the stages of data collection. where as the external validity encompasses the extent to which the results of the trials provide a correct basis for generalisation.
By ruling out a series of threats to that validity. Please see the link for a list of them.
"A threat to external validity is an explanation of how you might be wrong in making a generalization."[4] Generally, generalizability is limited when the cause (i.e. the independent variable) depends on other factors; therefore, all threats to external validity interact with the independent variable.
Threats to validity in training evaluation refer to factors that may impact the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation results. These threats can include issues like selection bias, instrumentation error, or participant motivation, which can distort the findings and affect the credibility of the evaluation process. Understanding and mitigating these threats is crucial for ensuring that the training evaluation accurately reflects the effectiveness of the training program.
There are a number of ways to reduce threats to validity:By arguing against the threatBy observing and measuring the threat.By analysisBy preventive actionBy design.
Advantages:Best design to establish causalitypower to detect effectsDisadvantagesInternal Validity issues - confoundsCannot examine some important social problems experimentallyExternal Validity issuesConstruct Validity issues - We do not know which part of the operational or conceptual IV had an effect on which part of the operational/conceptual DV
If you gain internal validity do you lose external validity
To show the highest degree of validity of a hypothesis.
The sample size has no effect on the validity of an experiment: instead, it is the experimental procedure and integrity of the experimenters.The sample size can affect conclusions that may be drawn from an experiment. The larger the sample is, the more reliable these conclusions are.
for Gate exam there is a validity but i think for pgeset there is no validity.
Forest fires are a problem and some certain bugs are dangerous to plants.
examples of internal and external validity