the Holly Roman Empire and the Byzantine empire
After the fall of Rome what two things caused Western Europe to divide into multiple kingdoms
Europe an Rome a almost the same.
The fall of Rome. Rome had provided all the protection and services a society needed and when it was gone there was chaos.
Rome didn't have Knights . They came in the 1300's with feudal Europe and the fall of Rome.
Charlemagne
The fall of Rome in 410 AD.
Cholera
Vikings, and German Barbarians
It sent all of Europe to the Dark Ages
Only the franks established a last kingdom (apex)
The feudal system .
Some members of the church worked hard to copy and preserve ancient texts.