Scourging was done with a whip, usually the "cat 'o nine tails" type which had the business end of the whip divided into several parts which had metal pieces embedded in the ends. It would tear the flesh with virtually every blow. Scourging was a standard part of the crucifixion process and many prisoners died from the scourging before they could be crucified.
No, they were not. In as far as they were concerned Jesus was an insignificant figure in a small backwater of their empire (Judea).
Judas
They could see that Jesus was already dead, so they did not break his legs to speed up the process. As an assurance that he was truly dead, one of the soldiers stabbed him in the heart with his spear.
No. According to the New Testament Peter was a fisherman. Jesus had no soldiers in his original group of followers.
The Bible gives no names for any of the Romans involved in the crucifixion of Jesus other than that of Procurator Pontius Pilate.
The Roman soldiers were entitled to command a Jew to carry their pack for them - but they were only to carry it for one mile. After that, the soldier had to carry it himself or find another Jew to do so. Jesus was making the point that we should go further with serving others than just doing the bare minimum required under the law.
the Romans thought that Jesus was a threat to the roman government
Roman soldiers
The soldiers of the governor, (Matthew27.27 to 35).
Roman soldiers
Judas
The Roman soldiers were present at the Crucifixion of Jesus.
it was thrown away by the Roman soldiers
Pontius Pilate was the Roman officer who was responsible for the trial and crucifixion of Jesus Christ.
Peter did not do anything to one of the Roman soldiers who arrested Jesus as the Roman soldiers were not involved in the arrest. The High Priest sent some persons along with some Temple guards to arrest Jesus. One of these persons was "Malchus" who was a servant of the High Priest. Peter drew his sword and cut an ear of Malchus off. Jesus took the ear and placed it back on Malchus' head. This is the only place in Scripture where Jesus healed a fresh wound.
Jesus was placed in the cave after his crucifixion by his followers, particularly Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus, who prepared his body for burial according to Jewish customs.
Possibly the Roman soldiers. After breaking the legs of the two criminals to hasten their deaths, John reports that they did not break Jesus' legs. When the soldiers came to Jesus, he was already dead. (John 19:32)
Judas was one of the twelve disciples that betrayed Jesus to the Roman soldiers that came to the Mount of Olives to arrest Him. Judas betrayed Jesus with a kiss!