He incorporated the Acquired Traits theory into evolution, which Darwin's research proved as BS.
nothing.
Evolution, Atomic Theory
There is only one central "theory of evolution", which is the theory of evolution by natural selection that Charles Darwin pioneered. There have been different theories in the past - such as Jean-baptise Lamarck's theory of acquired traits - but these lost their status of scientific theory when they were shown to be wrong.
The theory of evolution has many criticisms but none have proven evolution wrong. For example, some people argue that the bacterial flagellum is 'irreducibly complex' and therefore can not have evolved, even though the evidence shows that it not only could have, but has.
It does not. Cell theory is fully compatible with evolutionary theory. Does this mean we know everything about the evolution of cells? No. We say we do not know, not that cell theory shows that evolutionary theory is incorrect. ( except, of course, if you are referring to heritability. This Darwin got wrong, but this is not directly related to cell theory )
Theory of evolution refers to animals and plants evolution along the time. Language evolution is another issue, not entirely related to the theory of evolution. It follows the theory of evolution on some way but it is related to culture evolution, not to the physical attributes evolution.
His two main concepts, acquired characteristics and a innate " desire " to evolve, were both unsupported by any evidence and were not the way evolution happens. So, Lamarck's " theory " ( in the vulgar sense ) was utterly refuted by the actual evidence and process of evolution.
No scientific theory ever challenged the theory of evolution.
No theory contradicts evolution. Evolution is the basepoint of all Biology.
He's not known for a theory of evolution. Darwin is.
Evolution is an observed and observable fact. The theory of evolution by natural selection explains many things about evolution. The theory generates testable hypothesis, as any good theory does. Remember, theory is the highest concept in science.
Darwin's theory of evolution was revolutionary.