How was the van der Waals force formed?

Answer 1

Van der Waals forces are weak intermolecular/inter atomic forces. Differentiated from covalent bonding, interionic attraction and hydrogen bonds

They are electrostatic forces due to

• dipole dipole interactions (actually permanent multipoles)
• dipole -induced dipole interactions
• instantaneous dipole interactions (London dispersion forces- these are sometimes separated from Van der Waals)

Sometimes intermolecular repulsion is included and these are due to Pauli exclusion principle.