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Sweetness in wine is the result of sugar that is left unfermented. If the grapes have naturally high levels of sugar the wine will be sweet without any intervention because once the wine reaches a certain level of alcohol the yeasts that change the sugar into alcohol die. This point will vary with the chosen strain of yeast used. The process can also be stopped early to allow for a lighter, low alcohol sweet wine. Chilling the wine down will stop the fermentation, leaving the grape's natural sugar behind. Filtering can remove the yeasts themselves, bring fermentation to an end immediately. Sweet wines are frequently low in alcohol, unless they are "fortified" by a spirit (i.e port). Fortification is another way to prematurally haul fermentation because yeasts are intolerant of high levels of alcohol.

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