It would gain 2 electrons.
The electron would be removed from the outermost energy level, which is the fourth energy level, for calcium.
An oxygen atom can fill its outermost energy level by gaining 2 electrons through bonding with other atoms. This allows it to achieve a full valence shell of 8 electrons, following the octet rule. Alternatively, it can lose 6 electrons to achieve a full valence shell.
Atomic number 10 corresponds to neon. Neon has 10 electrons, with 2 electrons in the innermost energy level and 8 electrons in the outermost energy level.
No.
This is an electron situated on the outermost level.
It's possible to force them to bond, but they would not do so naturally.
Electron arrangement makes it easy to know the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms. Carbon, hydrogen, fluorine, argon, sulfur and magnesium have 4, 1, 7, 8, 6 and 2 electrons in their outermost energy levels respectively.
1: The outermost ring of hydrogen is the s-level, which can contain only two electrons, and a hydrogen atom itself already has one of these electrons.
2. the number of electrons on the outermost level is always equal to the group number. Barium is group 2 therefore it's outermost energy level contains 2 electrons
Hydrogen need 1 more electron to fill outermost orbit. Then, H will act as anion.
An atom with a full outermost energy level is considered stable. This means that the atom is less likely to form chemical bonds with other atoms to achieve a full outer shell of electrons. The noble gases, such as helium and neon, are examples of elements with full outer energy levels.
I would think the s orbital, because it is closer to the nucleus, and because the outer energy level holds more energy than the inner ones.