1492 = MCDXCII
14 = XIV
49 = XLIX
Sum: 1492 + 14 + 49 = MCDXCII + XIV + XLIX
Expected answer: 1555 = MDLV
Method 1Similar to the decimal system. Work from the right and examine the unit portions of each value. Expand the individual values, cancel out the positive and negative values and sum the remainder. If the result is greater than or equal to X, carry the X(s) and leave the remainder (the units). Repeat for the tens portion, the hundreds and the thousands. Combine the answers.
Start with the units:
II + IV + IX =
I + I - I + V - I + X = (expanded)
I + I - I + V - I + X = (cancel out similar + and - values)
V + X =
XV =
V (carry X)
Now the tens (with carry):
XC + X + XL ( + X) =
- X + C + X - X + L + X = (expanded)
- X + C + X - X + L + X = (cancel out similar + and - values)
C + L =
CL =
L (carry C)
And the hundreds (with carry):
CD ( + C ) =
- C + D + C = (expanded)
- C + D + C = (cancel out similar + and - values)
D (no carry)
And finally the thousands (no carry):
M
Combine the results:
M + D + L + V =
MDLV
Method 2Combine the numbers into a single number and expand the individual values. Cancel all similar positive and negative values. Then sort in descending order. Simplify if necessary.
MCDXCII + XIV + XLIX =
MCDXCIIXIVXLIX = (combined)
M - C + D - X + C + I + I + X - I + V - X + L - I + X = (expanded)
M - C + D - X + C + I + I + X - I + V - X + L - I + X = (cancel out similar + and - values)
M + D + V + L = (unsorted)
M + D + L + V = (sorted)
MDLV
See answer to question: ' How do you add together 1666 and 1999 in two different ways using Roman numerals'
According to my calculations,mccxxix in Hindu Arabic numerals is 1229
The Romans did their calculations on an abacus counting device which was the equivalent to a primitive calculator.
Roman numerals are entirely inappropriate for doing such calculations. I believe the people in Roman times did such calculations on an abacus or something similar - which is basically similar to converting them to the Arabic numbers we use. If you really want to do it in Roman numerals - which is basically NOT a good idea - you would have to keep the thousands, hundreds, etc. separate, and handle carry (for addition) and borrowing (for subtraction).
They're great for clocks, but try doing basic calculations with them. The Romans had no representation for the number zero. It was the Greeks who invented Zero as a number. Therefore calculations with Roman numerals is extremely difficult.
See answer to question: ' How do you add together 1666 and 1999 in two different ways using Roman numerals'
Numerals are used for mathematical calculations. Mathematical calculations are used in science. This is the way Roman numerals related to Roman science.
According to my calculations,mccxxix in Hindu Arabic numerals is 1229
The Romans did their calculations on an abacus counting device which was the equivalent to a primitive calculator.
Roman numerals are entirely inappropriate for doing such calculations. I believe the people in Roman times did such calculations on an abacus or something similar - which is basically similar to converting them to the Arabic numbers we use. If you really want to do it in Roman numerals - which is basically NOT a good idea - you would have to keep the thousands, hundreds, etc. separate, and handle carry (for addition) and borrowing (for subtraction).
They're great for clocks, but try doing basic calculations with them. The Romans had no representation for the number zero. It was the Greeks who invented Zero as a number. Therefore calculations with Roman numerals is extremely difficult.
Roman Numerals are not used in calculations, because there is no easy way to do them, as there is with the decimal numbers that we use today.
In today's modern way of expressing Roman numerals 199 and 114 are now considered to be CXCIX and CXIV respectively but there exist historical evidence to suggest that the ancient Romans would have probably worked out the above calculations in either of the following formats: A: ICC+ICXV+ICC = DXII => (200-1)+(215-1)+(200-1) = 512 B: CLXXXXVIIII+CXIIII+CLXXXXVIIII = DXII +> 199+114+199 = 512 For more extensive and complicated calculations the Romans would have used an abacus calculating device.
Since you ask how I would do it: I would forget about doing this in Roman; rather, I would convert everything to arabic numbers, which are much more appropriate for such calculations.
The rules of Roman numerals involve using basic symbols to represent different values, such as I for 1, V for 5, X for 10, and so on. The merits of Roman numerals include their simplicity and ease of use for basic calculations. However, their demerits include the lack of a zero representation, limited ability for complex calculations, and the need for additional symbols for larger numbers, making them less practical for advanced math or scientific purposes.
We use Roman numerals to represent numbers in a different way than the Arabic numerals (0-9). Roman numerals have been used historically and are still used today in certain contexts, such as numbering pages or chapters in a book or indicating the year in movie titles. While Arabic numerals are more commonly used for everyday calculations, Roman numerals are often used for symbolic or aesthetic purposes.
I expect a Roman would notice that 1999 is only I less than MM, so he would used MM plus the others, take-away one I. Similarly for the others. So you have MM+XX+L less III = MMLXVII. In two different ways: take off the III before adding LXX or take it off afterwards instead.