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The modern way of expressing 19 in Roman numerals is now XIX but the ancient Romans would have expressed it as IXX or as XVIIII because their equivalent Latin words are 'undeviginti' and 'novemdecim' respectively but there is no Latin equivalent for XIX and thus it logically follows that:-

IXX+IX = XXVIII => (20-1)+(10-1) = 28

XVIIII+VIIII = XXVIII => 19+9 = 28

IXX-IX = X => (20-1)-(10-1) = 10

XVIIII-VIIII = X => 19-9 = 10

Remember that in mathematics --I = +I and that the above calculations can be considered to be mental arithmetic but for more serious calculations the Romans would have used an abacus calculating device.

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Q: How would you calculate 19 plus 9 in two different ways and 19 minus 9 in two different ways but working out all four calculations entirly in Roman numerals with explanations?
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