It depends on the state. Most have a winner-take-all approach, where whoever wins gets all the electoral votes. A few states can split their electoral votes, depending on who wins in each district.
John Quincy Adams eventually won the 1824 election, but Jackson won the popular vote. The election was actually decided in 1825 by the House of Representatives because nobody got a majority of the electoral votes.The 1824 election was the first time in US history that no candidate won the majority of the electoral vote. Therefore in Feb of 1825 the legislature voted and John Quincy Adams was elected President.
Andrew Jackson lost the election of 1824 even though he received the largest number of popular votes and electoral votes. In the 1824 presidential election an individual needed to receive at least 131 electoral votes out of the 261 total electoral votes. Andrew Jackson received 99 electoral votes, John Quincy Adams received 84 electoral votes, William Crawford received 41 electoral votes, and Henry Clay received 37 electoral votes. The popular vote totals were Andrew Jackson 151,271 (42.9%), John Quincy Adams 113,122 (32.1%), Henry Clay 47,531 (13.5%), and William Crawford 40,856 (11.6%). Since no candidate received the required majority of 131 electoral votes, the president was elected by the U.S. House of Representatives in accordance with the Twelfth Amendment of the United States Constitution. John Quincy Adams won the election in the U.S. House of Representatives. Andrew Jackson won the 1828 presidential election defeating John Quincy Adams.
Incumbent President Abraham Lincoln won reelection in the 1864 presidential election defeating George McClellan. In the 1864 presidential election Abraham Lincoln received 212 electoral votes and George McClellan received 21 electoral votes. The popular vote totals were Lincoln 2,218,388 and McClellan 1,812,807.
The Electoral College is made up of 538 electors who cast votes to decide the President of the United States. When the citizens of the United States vote the electors in the electoral college receive those votes and vote for the person chosen by that states people.
George Washington was the first president to be chosen by the electoral college, but John Adams was the first president to receive the popular vote of the American people. Not sure if you would need to know this, but there were 14 presidents before Washington who were elected by the Continental Congress under The Articles of Confederation.
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Most states always give 100% of their electoral votes to the candidate with a simple majority of popular votes. Therefore, with three candidates, it is theoretically possible to be elected unanimously with only 34% of the popular votes.
The electors are committed to a certain candidate. Their vote is a matter of pubic record. It is not likely that they will contrary to their party.
each presidential candidate would receive the same share of a state's electoral vote as he or she received in the state popular vote
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It is possible that a candidate could win the "national" popular vote total but lose the electoral vote total. However, the electoral vote of every state accurately reflects the popular vote within that state. A candidate could win the electoral votes in a large state such as California winning the state by a huge margin. However, the opposing candidate could win the electoral votes in other states because a majority of the voters in those states vote for the opposing candidate.
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The Electoral College
The electoral college becoming a 'rubber stamp' for the popular vote was a constitutional change as the result of party practices. A candidate must receive 270 electoral votes to become president.
A candidate needs to receive a majority of the electoral votes to be elected President of the United States, which is 270 out of the total 538 electoral votes. The number of electoral votes a candidate receives is determined by the results of the popular vote in each state, and the candidate who wins the popular vote in a state typically receives all of that state's electoral votes.