I'm not an attorney, but a contract goes into effect upon acceptance (plus, of course, proper notice to the offeror that the offeree has accepted the contract). Therefore, if a contract is declared void ab initio, that means it never existed (ergo, it rolls matters back to the point before acceptance). Thus, I would say it is not an enforceable promise. BUT I'm not an attorney... this is just my understanding of the law.
binding(mandatory) precedent persuasive precedent
an appeal to precedent is a type of an appeal to precedent is a type of
it depends on how old the precedent is, how closely related is it to the case you are looking at and the difference between your precedent and crown/defense lawyer's precedent
precedent
Precedent
precedent
William Henry Harrison died a month into his presidency, and so the vice president at the time, John Tyler, was sworn into office. This was the first time this had happened in US history, so he set the precedent. This is what we call John Tyler's precedent--having the vice president become the president in the event of the current president's death. Many years later in the 1960's, this precedent became doubtlessly constitutional with the ratification of the 25th amendment which basically sets the standards for succession to the Presidency and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, as well as responding to Presidential disabilities.
This to a large extent sets a precedent for the rest of the exhibition
Precedent
The root word of "precedent" is "precede," which comes from the Latin word "praecedere," meaning "to go before" or "to precede."
Here, by the plural " laws" I assume that you mean the various, individual laws embodied in the forms of law, e.g., codes rules, regulations, and case law. The broader "law" on the other hand is the combination of all "laws" - it is the enforceable governmental norm that is always valid. "Code" (or statute) for example, is one source of law, and the various code provisions may be called "laws." Other "laws" in the United States are found in regulations (rules passed in response to code by administrative agencies, e.g., through notice and comment), and binding judicial precedent ("case law"). There's also the law that comes from the nation's founding document, like the United States Constitution. In practice, there is little difference between these sources of law. All of them can be binding and enforceable. However, there's also a hierarchy of the sources of law, which can change exactly how enforceable each one is. For example, the United States Code cannot overturn anything in the United States Constitution, and Agency Rules and Regulations cannot change anything in the United States Code. Finally, judicial precedent only seeks to clarify the impact and meaning of the Constitution, Code, and Regulations, and cannot change the Code itself unless it violates the Constitution, or the Regulations unless they violate the Code. The essential difference between "laws" and "law" then, is that "the law" is always valid and enforceable, whereas individual "laws" might be INVALID or UNENFORCEABLE (e.g., if a law passed by Congress is unconstitutional).
Especially in common law systems like the United States, the term "law" is much broader than "code.""Code" only refers to statutes passed by the legislature and promulgated in an official code service (e.g., United States Code). While this is one form of "law" (enforceable governmental norm), other forms of law in the United States include regulations (rules passed in response to code by administrative agencies, e.g., through notice and comment), and binding judicial precedent ("case law"). There's also the law that comes from the nation's founding document, like the United States Constitution.In practice, there is little difference between these sources of law. All of them can be binding and enforceable. However, there's also a hierarchy of the sources of law, which can change exactly how enforceable each one is. For example, the United States Code cannot overturn anything in the United States Constitution, and Agency Rules and Regulations cannot change anything in the United States Code. Finally, judicial precedent only seeks to clarify the impact and meaning of the Constitution, Code, and Regulations, and cannot change the Code itself unless it violates the Constitution, or the Regulations unless they violate the Code.The essential difference between Code and Law, then, is that Code is one type of Law. Further, the law is always valid and enforceable, whereas Code might not always be (e.g., if it is unconstitutional).